E N V O I ``Dewedhys lemmyn yu an ober-ma. {This work is now completed.} ``Oll an Kernewek re-be gwythys nyns yu mes boghes, hag yma'n Pascon un ran vras anodho: betegens, namna ve gyllys an Gan-ma a wel tus, hag yn-whyr kellys dhe'n re-na a-s-teva moyha ethom anedhy. Pur gales yu cafos dascryf an Philological Society's Transactions, 1860-1, le may fe dyllys an mamscryf gans Stokes. Mes mar pe war an varghas lyes dascryf a'n mamscryf, py gemmys ahanan a-alsa y redya? Dornscryf a'n drocca y'n bys yn-teffry yu henna an Pascon, ha ny-alsa mes dyscajor skentyl y redya. Yn gwella prys, yma genen y'gan renkyow dyscajor a'n par-na. Mordon a-allas y redya, ha'n pyth yu moy a vern dhen-ny, ef a-allas ynweth ry dhen oll an Gan yn tavas es genen convedhys. {All the Cornish that has been preserved is but little, and the Passion Poem is a significant part of it: nevertheless, this work was very nearly lost from sight and indeed lost to those who most needed it. It is very difficult to get a copy of the Philological Society's Transactions, 1860-1, in which Stokes published the manuscript. But even if there were many copies on the market, how many of us could read them? The script of the Passion manuscript is certainly one of the most obscure, and who but a gifted scholar could read it? Fortunately, we have such a scholar in our ranks. Nance could read it, and more significantly, he could give the work to all of us in a language we can easily understand.} ``Lowena a-m-be ow-pryntya kettep gwers yn Kernow: my a-leverys yn ow holon, `Otomma un wers moy - otomma un lyven moy - re-be sawyes,' ha dhe voy y-whodhyen gras dhe'n den, nep a fethas caletter uthek an mamscryf. Py lyes ur y-fe res dhodho omdewlel y'n vaner ma, ny-won leverel. Mes alemma rak, ny a-yl omlowenhe yn frut y lafur bras, ha gwyw ny-vya dewedha an dyllans-ma a Gernow hep ger a rassyes colon dhe Vordon, a'm govys-vy kepar ha'gan redyoryon erel oll.'' {I rejoiced in printing each verse in Kernow: I said to myself, "here's one more verse - one more page - that's been rescued", and gave thanks all the more for the man who overcame the terrible difficulty of the manuscript. How long he struggled with it, I cannot say. But from now on we can enjoy the fruit of his great labour, and it is fitting that this issue of Kernow should not end without a word of heartfelt thanks to Nance, for myself and on behalf of all our other readers.} With these words, A.S.D. Smith ended Nance's edition of the Manuscript in Kernow in May, 1936. May this new edition be found worthy of those two great dyskadoryon skentyl {gifted scholars}, Mordon and Caradar {Nance & Smith}. Bibliography Reference is made to the following books either by the title in full, or by the name of the author/translator/editor, or by the abbreviation shown in brackets. Anderson M.D. 1971 Drama and Imagery in British Churches. Murray. Brown Wella 1984 A Grammar of Modern Cornish. The Cornish Language Board. (G.M.C.) Brown Wella 1993 A Grammar of Modern Cornish (Second Edition) The Cornish Language Board. [G.M.C.(2)] Cawley A.C. (ed.) 1959 Everyman and Medieval Miracle Plays. E.P. Dutton and Co. Inc. Davidson C. (ed.) 1982 The York Cycle of Mystery Plays. Ams Press, New York. Edwards Ray 1989 Biblical Names beginning with J in English. (Circulated paper) Edwards Ray (ed.) 1992 The Charter Fragment. Kernewek dre Lyther. Edwards Ray (tr.) 1986 Dysquedhyans Jowan hag Unnek Epystol. Kernewek dre Lyther. (R.E.) Ellis Peter Berresford 1974 The Cornish Language and its Literature. Routledge and Kegan Paul. Evans H. & Thomas B. 1976 Y Geiradur Mawr. Christopher Davies. Fudge Crysten 1982 The Life of Cornish. Truran Publications. Geddie William 1964 Chambers Twentieth Century Dictionary. W. & R. Chambers, Ltd. (Chambers) Gendall Richard 1972 Kernewek Bew. Cornish Language Board. Gendall Richard 1990 A Students' Dictionary of Modern Cornish. Cornish Language Council. George Ken 1986 The Pronunciation and Spelling of Revived Cornish. Cornish Language Board. (P.S.R.C.) George Ken 1983 Devedhyans Sen Pawl yn Bro Leon. Cowethas an Yeth Kernewek. George Ken 1991 Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn,Dyllans Servadow. Cornish Language Board. (G.S.) George Ken 1993 Gerlyver Kernewek Kemmyn, An Gerlyver Meur Cornish Language Board (G.M.) Grandsaignes D'Hauterive R. 1947 Dictionnaire d'Ancien Français. Librairie Larousse. Paris. (Larousse) Halliday F. E. 1954 The Legend of the Rood. Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. Hardie D.W.F. 1948 A Handbook of Modern Breton. University of Wales Press, Cardiff. Hooper E. G. R. (ed.) 1972 Passyon agan Arluth. Cornish Language Board. Hooper E. G. R. (ed.) 1972 Cornish Simplified. Truran Publications. (C.S.) Hooper E. G. R. (ed.) 1984 Cornish Simplified Part Two. Truran Publications. (C.S.II) Hooper E. G. R. (ed.) 1985 Gwryans an Bys. Truran Publications. (C.W.) James M. R. (ed.) 1924 The Apocryphal New Testament. Oxford Clarendon Press. (The Gospel of Peter; The Book of the Resurrection of Christ by Bartholomew the Apostle) Kim H. C. (ed.) 1973 The Gospel of Nicodemus. Pontifical Institute of Medieval Studies, Toronto. Lhuyd Edward 1707 Archaeologia Britannica. F. Trull, Lerryn. (Photocopy Edition) Lyon R. & Pengilly J. 1987 Notes on Spoken Cornish. Truran Publications. Mâle E. 1949 L'Art Religieux de la Fin du Moyen Age en France. Armand Colin. Paris. Mardon E. G. 1970 The Narrative Unity of the Cursor Mundi. Wm. Maclellan, Glasgow. Murdoch Brian 1979 The Medieval Cornish Poem of the Passion. Institute of Cornish Studies, Redruth. Murdoch Brian 1993 Cornish Literature D. S. Brewer. Cambridge Nance R. M. 1978 An English-Cornish and Cornish English Dictionary. Cornish Language Board. Nance R. M. (ed.) 1934/36 Pascon agan Arluth. Kernow. (Kernow) Nance R. M. 1951 Old Cornwall, Summer 1951 (writing in) Nunn H. P. V. 1952 An Introduction to Ecclesiastical Latin. Alden & Blackwell (Eton) Ltd. Pennaod Goulven 1981 Passyon agan Arluth/Pasion hon Aotrou. Preder. Quimper. Pope M. K. 1934 From Latin to Modern French. Manchester University Press. Sandercock G. (ed.) 1982 Christ's Passion. Cornish Language Board. (P.C.) Sandercock G. (ed.) 1984 Resurrection. Cornish Language Board. (R.D.) Stokes Whitley 1860-61 Pascon agan Arluth Transactions of the Philological Society. Sandercock G. (ed.) 1989 Origo Mundi. Cornish Language Board. (O.M.) Smith A. S. D. 1936 Kernow. Toorians Lauran 1990 De Middelcornische Passie van Onze Heer Kruispunt 129 Williams N.J.A. 1995 Cornish Today Kernewek dre Lyther Woolf Rosemary 1972 The English Mystery Plays. Routledge and Kegan Paul. Zeuss J. C. 1853 Grammatica Celtica. Weidmann, Leipzig. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ APPENDIX References to Cornish Simplified Part II Cornish Simplified Part Two by A. S. D. Smith, edited by E. G. R. Hooper, and formerly known as the Supplements to Cornish Simplified provides a wealth of examples from the Cornish texts to illustrate points of Cornish Grammar, many of them quite elementary, some more advanced and some rare or exceptional. The following list gives all those taken from Passhyon agan Arloedh. The list should be used in conjunction with the book where more details will be found than in the very brief notes below. In the book the Poem is given the abbreviation ``M.C.'' (Mount Calvary), and for that reason the references in the first column have this heading. Verse and line numbers are quoted. The references to Cornish Simplified Part II under the heading C.S.II are by the page and the sub-section number appearing on the page but omitting chapter and main section references for simplicity. The quotations from the poem are in Kernewek Kemmyn. They are printed in Unified Cornish in C.S.II. The notes are copied or summarised from C.S.II except where I have added my own comments in brackets. M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes 4/5-7 23-24/13 May fynnas diyskynna Three verbs Yn gwyrghes ha bos genys dependent on Gans y gig agan prena... fynnas. 7/1 58/40 War-lergh mabden dhe begha. war-lergh = ``after.'' 9/2 35/4 Oll y sorr may fe gevys oll preceding noun. 10/1-2 24/13 Y vamm pan y'n drehevis Two verbs de- Ha'y vos devedhys dhe oes. pending on pan; drehevis, a finite verb, and bos, a verb-noun. 10/4 8/b Henna ganso nyns o poes Short form imp. bos (o) with gans and adjective; [cf. G.M.C. §147(5); G.M.C.(2) §147(5)] 14/3 86/b Ahanas yth yw skrifys yth yw linking Bos eledh orth dha witha prepositional phrase to complement. M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes 15/3 28/21 Yn neb eghenn a servis eghenn followed by a and noun. 15/4 60/50 Lemmyn prest y enora. lemmyn = ``but'' (See page 15, lemmyn.) 17/8 49/v Dha vaystri a vydh lehes war = ``over.'' Nevra war an enevow. 19/8 59/46 Ma na allo an tebel ogas dhis Ogas dhis bones trelys. = ``near (to) you.'' 21/1-2 66/c .............prest yma yma with prepos- A-dro dhyn ni. itional phrase. 22/2 42/E Anodho na ro demma. = a in idiomatic ``Don't give a halfpenny for him.'' phrase. 24/2 56/26 dres pub tra.. dres = ``beyond.'' 24/7-8 20/8 Oll an da ha'n drog kepar, grassys followed 37/9/i Dhe Yesu bedhes grassys. dhe governing person being thanked. 25 40/B Whole verse. Use of Habitual Imperfect. 26/4 42/B Hag anedha na wre vri. a in idiomatic ``...and did not take heed of them.'' phrase. 29/3 56/28 Meur a dus ha benynes mos erbynn A Yerusalem y 'n dre = ``to meet.'' Erbynn Krist, rag y weles I eth . 32/5/6 7/14 Rag an laghys dhyn ni eus eus with dhe in A vynn hy dampnya porres relative clauses. 32/7 71/15 Fordh nyns eus. nyns eus foll- owing subject. 33/3 9/20 Yth esa an venyn gansa. esa indicating place. 33/6 51/i Yesus y'n dor a skrifas. yn = ``on.'' 36/4 55/b awos Dew (as in C.S.II) awos = ``for the sake of.'' (C.S.II reads awos Dew. Hooper and Pennaod read awos den, but this does not affect the meaning of awos which is the point being made by C.S.II. However, both my MS readings have a vos den which I have followed. See note on text, and translation.) .M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes: 39/2-3 45/e Ha my a wra dhywgh spedya spedya used with Ow kavoes Krist yredi. present participle. 40/5 48/ii Orth Yesu ev a fekla fekla orth = `` to fawn upon.'' 43/2 65/5 Ow tybri genen yma. Present participle preceding yma. 43/4 79/31 ......yw my henna? C.S. II suggests ```Is it I (who am) that man?' or `Am I that man?' Both versions are possible. In the first, `it' is the subject (contained in the verb), with my as the complement. In the second, my is the subject with pronoun henna as complement.''' (I prefer the second explanation.) 44/2 54/20 Dherag y abesteli dherag = ``in the presence of.'' 45/2 59/42 Ha'n gwin esa war an voes ynter/yntra Ev a rannas yntredha. = ``among.'' 45/4 58/34 par cheryta par = ``out of.'' 49/3 52/vii Yn nos haneth. Idiom using yn. = ``This very night.'' 49/7 58/37 Tann ow fydh tann = ``by.'' = ``By my faith.'' (in oath) 51/2 57/31 ....res yw porres kyns es Batalyas kyns es koska. = ``rather than.'' 51/3-4 34 an geffo pows as gwyrzyns Older form of 3rd ha zozo pernas cleze (MS) sing. imperative. (In line 4 there is a hand written amendment of pernas to pernans in my copy of the Kernow MS. Line 3 shows gwyrzyns, an imperative with the n but K.K. has standardised on the form without n. See note on text.) 53/7 77/26 ....pysi may halla usi used in Dh'y Das hwath usi a-vann. relative clause. 59/6 49/vi Na leverel war anow. war anow = ``by word of mouth.'' 59/8 57/31 Kyns es bones marow kyns es = ``before.'' 62/3 51/i Yudas eth yn y negys. yn y negys = ``on his business.'' M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes: 65/1 55/a Pan dhodhyens bys y'n tyller. bys yn = ``to.'' 67/6 40/ii Yesus yw, a'n kaffen ni. C.S.II seems to suggest that this is a potential (i.e. imperf. subj.) with pluperfect meaning, but see text note. 68/1 55/25 drefenn an vertu. drefenn = ``because of.'' 69/3 83/35 Agas negys, pyth ywa? Complement preceding yw in interrogative sentence. 71/3 58/35 .....ryb an penn ryb = ``close to.'' 72/3 39/12/vi rag dre gleze a veughe (MS) C.S.II says -gh- is an ancient sign of the subjunctive. (The Unified versions have vewo which I have followed with vywo in K.K.) 72/5 52/vii yn unn rew Idiom with yn. = ``one after another.'' 75/1-2 18/4 Yn agas mysk pan esen Object preceding Laghys Dyw dhywgh ow tyski. present participle. 79/8 53/15 A-dryv tus. a-dryv tus = ``behind people.'' 80/1-2 43/vii Pandra a wovynn'ta sy a = ``about.'' Dhiworthiv vy a'm laghys? 85/3 86/b Dre dha gows yth yw prevys yth yw linking Dha vos den a Galila. prepositional phrase to complement. 88/2 53/14 Yesus a veu dannvenys a-dhiworth A-dhiworth an pryns Annas. = ``away from.'' 88/5 13/4 Dredho Krist may fe breusys. (C.S.II queries whether there is any difference between dre and gans in such sentences. G.M.C. §142(3); G.M.C.(2) §142(5) suggests that with a noun denoting an animate being dre means `through the medium of', whilst gans means `by', with the animate being acting as the agent. This seems to apply here, implying that Christ was judged by Caiaphas acting on behalf of the authorities rather than in his own name. However, cf. 142/6 where Pilate says ``Let him be killed by you,'' and dre is used, although `through the medium of' hardly applies as the Jews are being addressed.) 89/2 53/9 a-berth y'n wlas. a-berth yn = `` in.'' 91/6 51/i Y'n tressa dydh. yn = ``on.'' 94/8 55/d Awos dampnya an den ma awos = ``in order to.'' M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes: 98/2 55/a I eth....... Bys yn = ``to.'' Bys yn Pilat. 99/2 50/xi Yn-medh Pilat, ``Pana dra war = ``against.'' A ynniowgh hwi warnodho?'' 99/3-4 40/iii Na ve bos fals an den ma Conditional Ny'n drossen ni bys dhiso. sentence. 99/4 55/a bys dhiso. bys dhe = ``to.'' 100/5-6 28/21 Pilat orto govynnas Y'n keth maner ma govynn. govynn appositional genitive after maner; ``in this same manner of question.'' (It seems more reasonable to take govynn as the direct object of govynnas and yn keth maner as an adverbial phrase; ``asked a question in this same way.'') 102/1-2 76/25 .....Nyns usi usi with definite Ow mestrynsys y'n bys ma. noun subject. 104/3-4 18/4 Fest yn krev my re beghas ow kwertha = ``by Yesus dhy'hwi ow kwertha. selling.'' (C.S.II calls this English construction ``preposition with particle.'' This should probably read ``preposition with participle'' but, in fact, as the Cornish phrase does not use a preposition, it is more closely parallel to the Latin ablative of the gerund or the Spanish present participle without a preposition , vendendo and vendiendo respectively. Both words could translate as `by selling' in the appropriate context. See Language Notes, page 13.) 105/3 53/14 Ni a'n prenas dhiworthis. dhiworth = ``from.'' 105/3-4 35/1 Ni a'n prenas dhiworthis ha joining two Hag a'th pes pur yredi. finite verbs. 110/1-2 9/19 Dhe Herodes yth esa yth esa with pre- Pur wir orth Pilat sorr bras. positional phrase preceding. 111/4 43/iii Ma'n jeva marth a henna. marth a = ``wonder at.'' 113/5-8 15/1 Ha leverewgh bos gevys Two kinds of Oll ow sorr, bedhes lowen, indirect statement Ha'm galloes y vos grontys with bos, after Dhodho dhe vreusi an den. leverewgh. 114/6 45/iii Pilat o justis dhedha. dhe showing = ``Pilate was their magistrate.'' possession. 114/8 49/v War Yesus Krist.... war = ``over.'' M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes 117/3-4 16-7/2 Rag Yesus Krist dhe'n mernans Unusual omission I a vynna porres dri. of poss. adj. before dri, probably to fit length of line. 117/3-4 22/10 Rag Yesus Krist dhe'n mernans Use of porres with I a vynna porres dri. mynnes. 117/5 49/ix ...Orth an myns orth = ``according to.'' 118/1-2 22/10 An Edhewon a vynna porres used with Porres y vones ledhys. mynnes. 121/2 9/18 Dhe'n traytour esa ganso. esa used with gans. 121/6 74/20 Laghys eus y'n pow a-dro. eus used instead of yma, and following subject to emphasise it. 122/7-8 41/vi War hy mester venjans krev Y to, Yesus mar lattha. C.S.II says ``..a complete conditional sentence in indirect narration; instead of direct `war hy mester venyons cref a dhothya, Jhesus mar latha,' the conditional `a dhothya' has to give way to the Imperfect Indicative `y to.''' (See note on text.) 123/1-2 43/vii Dh'y gour hi a dhannvonas a = ``about.'' A Krist kepar dell welsa. 123/4 81/33 Nyns yw ragos sy ladha Prepositional phrase Krist. as complement to yw. 124/5 8/a Maner o dhe'n Edhewon. Imperfect o with dhe preceding a noun. [cf. G.M.C. §237; G.M.C.(2) §253(2a)] 124/7 48/iii A'n pryson govynn onan. govynn without orth meaning ``to de- mand; claim.'' 126/6 43/vii A Yesus pyth a vydh gwrys? a = ``about.'' 127/4 57/d Gwitha Krist heb vileni gwitha heb = ``to protect from.'' 128/2/6 51/i y'n grows. yn = ``on.'' [The MS has yn crows (``on a cross = crucified'') and I have followed this along with Hooper and Pennaod. (See Language notes, page 13). However, this does not affect the point that yn means ``on'' in this context.] M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes 130/3 48/ii Hag orth post fast a'n kolmas kelmi orth = ``to tie to.'' 131/3 48/ii Hag yn fast kelmys dhedha. kelmi dhe refers to things bound to sticks, not personal. 131/6 54/20 Hag a-rag gwrys kolmennow. a-rag = ``in the front.'' (i.e. at the ends of the whips.) 135/5 53/10 Meur o an payn adar ken. adar = ``beyond.'' 137/7 8/a Henn o dhodho meur a bayn. o used with dhe and a noun. 138/7 53/16 a-dro dh'y dhiwen. a-dro dhe = ``about.'' 142/4 43/vi Merwens a'n grows. = a = ``by.'' ``Let Him die by the cross.'' (MS has mernans and Hooper gives a note, ``Formerly thought to be merwens by Mordon.'' I have taken it as mernans which would now mean ``death of the cross.'') 142/6 13/2 Dredhowgh hwi bedhes ledhys. dredhowgh = ``by you.'' (but cf. 88/5) 146/4 60/50 Kerensa Sesar, ytho lemmyn = `` but'' Ny dheu lemmyn bylini. (See Spelling Notes, page 19) 147/6 67/7 Awotta....... ple'ma = ``where is.'' Agas myghtern ple'mava! (ma used after ple.) 148/3 63 Meth yw dhyn. Complement preceding yw. 152/8 35/2 Dredhi Adam may peghsa. = may used as oblique ``Through which Adam had relative pronoun. sinned.'' 153/7 35/2 May teuth frut may fen kellys ditto. 154/1 8/a Hwath kentrow dhedha nyns o. o used with dhe im-mediately followed by a noun. (This does not agree with the rule given in G.M.C. §237; G.M.C. (2) §253(1) which states that the long form of bos should be used if the subject is indefinite. This would require Hwath kentrow dhodho nyns esa, which would upset the line length and also the rhyme, so maybe this is the reason for the o.) 154/1 9/20 Hwath kentrow dhedha nyns o. (In this section C.S.II includes this line in a list of examples of the use of esa, realising, presumably that it ought to be esa and not noticing that it was not!) M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes 155/5 55/d Mar omwreth klav..... awos guthyl = Awos guthyl hwel mar skav...= ``through doing/ ``If you pretend to be ill over because of doing.'' doing such a light job...'' 155/6 51/iv Yn edhomm yn = ``at.'' [C.S.II quotes this as an example of yn meaning ``at.'' Hooper has ``If thou failest us at need,'' but it is rather quaint English. The context suggests ``in (our) need.''] 156/6 51/i . ``.....Kleves bras yn = ``to.'' Eus y'm diwla devedhys.'' 160/6 43/vii A'n grows, piw ella dh'y doen. a = ``about.'' 162/3 54/22 A-ves dhe'n dre yth esa. a-ves dhe = ``outside.'' 163/1 38/v Dew lader dreus o dempnys. soft mutation after a dual. 166/3 90/46 Nyns yw ow faynys byghan. Nyns yw with plural noun subject. Nyns yns can also follow a plural subject and is a stronger negative. 166/5 59/c Ow holonn yntra mil rann... yntra = ``into;'' in- dicating a division; [cf. G.M.C. §180(4b); G.M.C.(2) §178(4b)]. 171/3 56/28 May halla dos er y bynn. dos erbynn = ``to meet.'' 172/2 59/42 Ena hi a veu sevys Yn-bann ynter benynes. ynter = ``among.'' 172/4 5/6 Ow holonn yma genes. genes = ``with you.'' 173/8 50/iv ......rag y wannder. rag = ``because of.'' 174/2 43/vi Simon o a'y ewn hanow. a = ``by ``(name) 175/2 44/xiii .......a'y anvodh. = Idiomatic use of a. ``.....against his will.'' 175/2 82/33 .......henn o a'y anvodh = Prepositional .''....that was against his will.'' phrase as com- plement of o 178/4 57/e hepken = wantonly Idiomatic use of ken. (C.S.II. seems to take the phrase to mean that the two holes were drilled carelessly, i.e. without being properly measured. I have followed Hooper and Pennaod who take ken as meaning ``another'' so that hepken means ``without another,'' or ``one only.'' We read in v.180 how the one hole was in the wrong place) M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes 179/1 50/xi Gansa Krist a veu tewlys war = ``on.'' War an grows dhe wrowedha The cross was lying flat. Otherwise, ``On the cross'' = Y'n grows. 181/5 43/v Gans re a gemmys kolonn. a = ``with.'' 182/1 49/v ......war an toll. war = ``over.'' 182/2 35/2 Dre an nerth may tennsons i may, oblique relative pronoun = ``with which.'' 182/2 60/51 Dre an nerth may tennsons i. may = ``with which.'' 182/7 45/ii Ha na vo gesys dhe goll gesys dhe goll = An laghys a wrug dhyn ni. ``wasted.'' 184/2 51/i Ha Yesus festys ynni yn = ``on.'' (the cross) 186/2 43/viii} Lader dhe Krist a'n barth kledh. a = ``on'' (the left) 52/8 } 186/2 45/iii Lader dhe Krist a'n barth kledh = dhe = ``of,'' ``A thief on the left side of Christ.'' showing possession. 188/4 45/iii Y vones myghtern dhyn ni. = ditto. .''..that He is our King.'' 192/5 63 Den glan yw a begh. Complement preceding yw. 194/6 51/vi Ragon ny woer omwitha gwitha rag = ``to guard against.'' 200/4 56/26 dres oll an bys dres = ``over.'' 204/8 59/c yntra dha dhiwla. yntra = ``into.'' 205/1 50/iv Rag gwan spern.... rag = ``because of.'' 205/5 43/viii Mar poessa'n eyl tenewen. a'n eyl tenewen = ``on the one side.'' 207/5 58/39 Wor'tu ha'y vamm. wor'tu ha = ``towards.'' 208/1 58/35 Ryb Krows Yesus. ryb = ``by.'' M.C. C.S.II Extract Notes: 208/3 44/ix A vernans Krist...... a = ``at;'' a rare meaning. (Hooper has ``At Christ's death,'' but the translation does not really fit the context and I have taken it with the following clause to mean ``of'' or ``about Christ's death.'') 209/2 73/17 .....dell yma skrifys. dell used with yma. An exceptional example. 209/6 59/c Vayl an tempel a skwardyas Yntra = ``into.'' Yntra dew. 211/3 44/ix A Krist ow kodhav mernans a = ``at,'' a rare meaning. (As in 208/3, Hooper has ``at Christ suffering death.'' I feel ``from'' is more appropriate.) 214/3 51/i Yn mernans Krist yn = ``on.'' 214/7 8/b Yesus ganso o kerys o used with gans and past participle. [cf. G.M.C. §147(6) G.M.C(2) §147(6)]. 214/8 45/ii Ha nyns o hardh dh'y notya. hardh dhe = ``so bold as to.'' (There are several examples of this usage. See Language Notes, page 11.) 216/3 48/viii Dhe vires orth Krist i eth. vires orth = ``to look at.'' Orth indicates the exact spot. 217/1 52/vii Y'ga herwydh. An idiom = ``with them; in their company.'' 218/1 43/viii Longys sur a'n barth deghow a'n barth. = ``on Dhe grows Yesus yth esa. the'' (left/right). . 218/3 48/viii .......orth y hanow. orth hanow = ``by name.'' 218/7 60/49 Pur ewn yn-dann an asow. yn-dann = ``under.'' 219/3 58/35 ......ryb an gyw. = ``along the spear.'' 222/5&8 40/ii & iv Ha'y holonn hweg a ranna .....Na's gwittha an Spyrys Sans. Exceptional example of the imperfect subjunctive (called ``Potential'' in C.S.II) used in both clauses of a conditional sentence. Normally the main clause is conditional and the if clause is imperfect subjunctive. [Cf. G.M.C.§328(3) though this note is omitted in G.M.C.(2)] 229/3 8/a rag Pask o dhedha o used with dhe and noun subject. [Cf. G.M.C.§238; G.M.C.(2) §253(2a)] M.C. C.S.II. Extract. Notes 230/1 56/28 Erbynn bones henna gwrys. = ``by the time that was done.'' 234/6-7 9/18 Ev eth dhe'n korf o marow esa used with a Gans unyent dhodho esa. prepositional phrase. 234/7 7/15 Gans unyent dhodho esa. esa dhodho = ``which he had.'' 235/4 57/c heb pedri. = ``uncorrupted.'' 236/3-4 43/viii Dhe Krist a bub tenewen a = ``on.'' Hag a dheghow hag a gledh. (three examples) 237/5 56/26 Ganso dres nos y hwoelyas dres nos =``through- out the night.'' 242/7-8 41/vi Bost a wrens, tynn ha diveth, Indirect statement. Y'n gwithens orth y eghenn! 243/4 52/vii yn le may fynna yn le may = ``wherever.'' 245/4 43/vii A Yesus fatell via. a = ``about, concerning.'' 247/8 58/b war-lergh y arghadow war-lergh = ``according to.'' 248/4-5 19/5 Ha dhodho a leveris re instead of y Re savsa Krist heb strivya. introducing indirect statement. 249/6 59/46 a-ogas hag a-bell = ``near and far.'' 251/8 52/7 Yn le mayth ens Yn le mayth = ``wherever.'' 252/1 51/i Y'n keth jydh na. yn = ``on.'' 254/3-4 45/iii Orth an penn i a welas dhe ``showing Dhe'n bedh yw leverys kyns. possession.'' 254/8 38/i Rag an marthus re welsens. The noun marthus. The adjective is marthys. (The noun ends in -us in the MS, K.U. and K.K.) 255/8 82/34 Omma nyns yw ev trygys. yw with nyns and expressed pronoun. 256/3-4 56/28 ....dos yn skon dos erbynn = ``to Er y bynn... meet.'' ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- {Diwedh -- End}