## ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ## ## A Preliminary Interpretation of Bewnans Ke Stanzas 108 - 123 ## ## [for notes see file bkfentnote.txt] ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ## ## Notes on the interlinear transcription ## 1. The lines beginning BKms... are taken from O. J. Padel's initial ## transcription, dated March 2003. These have been checked against ## images of the ms pages available on-line, and five or six relatively ## minor corrections made. The pages, fol. 5v and fol. 6r, can be found ## at ## http://cairsweb.llgc.org.uk/images/BMK/BMK00010.jpg ## and ## http://cairsweb.llgc.org.uk/images/BMK/BMK00011.jpg ## 2. The lines beginning BKkk... use a slightly extended version of the ## Kernewek Kemmynn orthography (as used in GLKK). Final unstressed -e ## is distinguished from -a (as in the older MC mss); an attempt is made ## to separate the reflex of intervocal and final /d/ spelled in ## the mss from /s/ by writing the former as _z_; and the diphthong _uw_ ## /yw/ which developed mainly from OC /ujw, ujB/ is recognised in the words ## Duw, guw (both 'spear' and 'grief'), gluw ('penetrating'), pluw, ## ruw (both 'king, regal authority', and 'oar'), duwon ('sorrow, distress' ## GLKK 'dughan'), Gwennuwar 'Gwynhwyfar/Guinevere' mc and perhaps one or ## two others. ## The vertical stroke marks the 'gorffwysfa' or metrical pause which ## follows the secondary metrical accent in each line (the primary ## accent being the final rhyming syllable). In a seven-syllable line ## each half should consist of a separate minimally meaningful clause. ## 3. The lines beginning BKen... are a line-by-line English translation, ## usually fairly literal. For the most part these retain the same ## syllable count as the original. Where filler words have been inserted ## these are marked thus '_now_'. Where important elements of the original ## line cannot be included within the English syllable count, these are ## added in square brackets thus '[just]'. ## 4. The file has been arranged to permit easy electronic processing. ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ## #### Start of File ### [fol. 5v (`10') cont.] ## Keladocus BKms108.0a Ke a rug fentan gans e lorgh BKkk108.0a Ke a wrug fenten gans y lorgh BKen108.0a Kea made a spring with his staff BKms108.0b in Keliaw Soor ## Soor ??? BKkk108.0b yn Kelliow Sorr BKen108.0b in 'Keliaw Soor' BKms108.1 Jesu Christ mab Marya BKkk108.1 Yesu Krist | mab Maria BKen108.1 Jesus Christ, son of Mary, BKms108.2 | roy thym gras theth lel servya ## m, er abbr BKkk108.2 | roy dhymm gras | dhe'th lel servye BKen108.2 | give me grace to serve thee true, BKms108.3 lemmyn del wraf the besy ## leMmyN suprscr BKkk108.3 lemmyn | dell wrav dha byzi BKen108.3 now as I do pray to thee, BKms108.4 | orden dower thym rag eva ## n, m suprscr BKkk108.4 | orden dowr dhymm | rag eve BKen108.4 | provide water for my drink. BKms108.5 a Christ re_be benegas BKkk108.5 a Grist | re be bennigez BKen108.5 O Christ, may he be hallowed, BKms108.6 attomma fyntan spryngys ## attoMma fyNtaN suprscr BKkk108.6 ottomma fenten | spryngyz ## *sprynge eng. BKen108.6 here a well has _now_ sprung up. ## Leprosus BKms109.1 A Ke Dv reth covea ## {kovie : cherish} BKkk109.1 A Ge | Duw re'th kovie BKen109.1 O Kea, may God cherish thee, BKms109.2 rag kerensa Marya ## n suprscr BKkk109.2 rag kerenze | Maria BKen109.2 for the _dear_ love of Mary BKms109.3 | hay mab ath pernas in pren ## preN suprscr BKkk109.3 | ha'y mab | a'th prenaz yn prenn BKen109.3 | and her son, thy redeemer [on the cross], BKms109.4 saw ve am drog vs om kyk ## oM suprscr; {eus y'm kig} BKkk109.4 saw vy a'm drog | eus y'm kig BKen109.4 heal [me from] the ill that's in my flesh, BKms109.5 ha neffra me ath vynyk ## {my a'th vennik} BKkk109.5 ha nevre | my a'th vennik BKen109.5 and I shall ever bless thee : BKms109.6 | leper of an troys then pen ## theN peN suprscr BKkk109.6 | leper ov | a'n troez dhe'n penn BKen109.6 | [I'm] a leper, from foot to head. ##OJP21 ## Keladocus BKms110.1 Arluth nef reth gweresa ## {may he help thee} BKkk110.1 Arloedh nev | re'th gwerese BKen110.1 Lord of heaven, may he help thee, BKms110.2 ha fyth ynna ha pege ## ynNa suprscr; {pyze var of pyzi 'praying' ??} BKkk110.2 ha fydh ynno | ha pyze ## pyze var. of pyzi ??? BKen110.2 and faith in him, and praying. BKms110.3 | ef ew pen an vethogyan ## peN aN ..gyaN suprscr BKkk110.3 | ev yw penn | an vedhygyon BKen110.3 | He is chief of physicians. BKms110.4 hag A ylwyth the sawya ## {_mar(a)_ would be expected for a likely possibility} BKkk110.4 hag a kelwydh | dha sawye ## 'and if thou art calling for thy healing' BKen110.4 [and] If thou seekest to be healed, BKms110.5 fystyn lemmyn des gena ## fystyN leMmyN suprscr BKkk110.5 fisten lemmyn | deus gene BKen110.5 hurry now, _and_ come with me BKms110.6 | bys vn fyntan vs reban ## fyNtaN vs rebaN suprscr; {rybon as adverb 'at hand, beside us'} BKkk110.6 | byz yn fenten | eus rybon BKen110.6 | to the well which is at hand. ## Leprosus BKms111.1 Fyntan dek ema ryban ## fyNtaN ... rybaN suprscr BKkk111.1 Fenten deg | yma rybon BKen111.1 A fine spring there is nearby. BKms111.2 me a thy genas deson ## desoN suprscr BKkk111.2 my a dhi | genes dison BKen111.2 I'll go there with thee straightway, BKms111.3 | a_thesempys gans an ger ## m, gaNs suprscr BKkk111.3 | a_dhesempis | gans an ger BKen111.3 | at this moment, on _thy_ [the] word. ## Keladocus BKms111.4 Christ ow arluth me a bys BKkk111.4 Krist ow arloedh | my a byz BKen111.4 Christ my lord, _now_ I do pray BKms111.5 Reth weresa a ver spys ## {may he help thee} BKkk111.5 Re'th hwerese | a verr spyz BKen111.5 for thy help without delay, BKms111.6 | kepar del eth purnas ker ## {keppar dell y'th prenas ker} BKkk111.6 | keppar | dell y'th prenas ker BKen111.6 | [just] as he dearly redeemed thee. BKms112.1 Jesu re~bo the vethak BKkk112.1 Yesu | re bo dha vedhyk BKen112.1 May Jesus be thy healer. BKms112.2 an leper cref ath ethek ## {hag? euthek (abbr. misread?)} BKkk112.2 an leper krev | hag euthek BKen112.2 The strong and dire leprosy, # Leprosus hic lauiet [?], vel auspergat leprosum aqua # {The leper here washes, or else water is sprinkled by the leper} BKms112.3 | nath gresso bys venytha ## {greffo? 'let it never grieve thee more'} BKkk112.3 | na'th greffyo | byz vynytha BKen112.3 | may it never grieve thee more. BKms112.4 ostendat modo mirum ## {Latin}; steNdat, miruM suprscr BKkk112.4 [L] [L] [L] BKen112.4 A wonder is just now revealed ## ??? BKms112.5 hic qui Naaman_Sirum ## {Latin} BKkk112.5 [L] [L] [L]Nemum_Suem_?? ## 'at Pig Grove' (mis)interpretation of Kelliow Sorr? BKen112.5 here at Pig Grove ## ??? BKms112.6 | mundare dedit aqua ## {Latin}; muNdare suprscr BKkk112.6 | [L] [L] [L] BKen112.6 | the water gives cleanliness. ## Leprosus BKms113.0 Fentan Kylyow Kaw, pedyr eraw dyer ## OJP read for BKkk113.0 Fenten Kelliow Kow, peder erow dir BKen113.0 The well of Kylyow Kaw ('Enclosed Grove(s)'), four acres of land BKms113.1 A Ke benygas re~by BKkk113.1 A Ge | bennigez re bi BKen113.1 O Kea, blessed mayst thou be. BKms113.2 der weras Christ hay vercy BKkk113.2 der weres Krist | ha'y versi BKen113.2 With Christ's help and his mercy BKms113.3 | te rum grug saw ## m suprscr BKkk113.3 | ty : re'm gwrug saw ## emphatic pezwar bann BKen113.3 | thou hast healed me! BKms113.4 ha rum dros a ver bonvas ## m suprscr; {a veur boenvoz} BKkk113.4 ha re'm dros | a veur boenvoz BKen113.4 and have brought me from great pain. BKms113.5 te a vith neb aswonvos ## aswoNvos suprscr BKkk113.5 ty a'th vydh | neb azwonnvoz BKen113.5 Thou shalt have some _just_ reward ## lit. 'thou shalt have some acknowledgement' i.e for services rendered. BKms113.6 | omma in Kyllyov Kaw ## oMma suprscr; OJP read for BKkk113.6 | omma | yn Kelliow Kow BKen113.6 | _right_ here in Kelliow Kow. # Fowr akars of ground BKms114.0a Leper a ros the Ke BKkk114.0a Leper a ros dhe Ge BKen114.0a _The_ leper gave Kea BKms114.0b an fentan Chy~soor ha peder eraw dyer ## [C?hy] BKkk114.0b an fenten Chi Sorr ha peder erow dir BKen114.0b the well of 'Chy Soor' with four acres of land BKms114.1 Me a vyn ry thys in ro ## n suprscr BKkk114.1 My a vynn | ri dhis yn ro BKen114.1 I shall give thee, as a gift, BKms114.2 an fentan ma hag adro ## feNtan suprscr BKkk114.2 an fenten ma | hag a_dro BKen114.2 this spring here, and roundabout BKms114.3 | thethy pedyr erow dyer BKkk114.3 | dhedhi | peder erow dir ## a_dro dhedhi split across lines -- odd! BKen114.3 | thereby, four acres of land, BKms114.4 hedre ve bew war~an bys BKkk114.4 hedre vi byw | war an byz BKen114.4 for as long as thou mayst live [in the world]. BKms114.5 me as mvsyr a ver spys BKkk114.5 my a's musur | a verr spyz BKen114.5 I shall measure them straightway, BKms114.6 | maga ledan avel hyer ## n suprscr BKkk114.6 | maga ledan | avel hir BKen114.6 | just as broad as _they_are_ long. # Iste fons vocatur fons Keladoci, et est apud Keliow Soor, # {The said spring called St. Kea's Spring (Venton Kea??) which is at 'Keliow Soor'} # in quidam [sic] clavso vocatur [sic] Park Ke vsque in hodiernum diem. {the last phrase looks like a calque on heddyw y'n jydh} # {in the enclosure known to the present day as 'Park Ke'} ## Keladocus # Veniet ad [blank] {He comes up to [the leper?]} BKms115.1 Gramercy theso dremas BKkk115.1 Gromersi dhiso | dremaz BKen115.1 Many thanks to thee good sir. BKms115.2 mab Marya len a ras BKkk115.2 mab Maria | leun a ras BKen115.2 Mary's son, _most_ full of grace, BKms115.3 | a ve the vethak heb mar BKkk115.3 | a veu dha vedhyk | heb mar BKen115.3 | was thy healer without doubt. BKms115.4 Gwayt man gorworthy pub termyn ## termyN suprscr; {ma'n gordhi} BKkk115.4 Gwayt ma'n gordhyi | pub termyn ## 'take care that you should worship him' BKen115.4 See thou always worship him, BKms115.5 rag gurthvhar ha myttyn ## n suprscr BKkk115.5 rag gorthugher | ha myttin BKen115.5 _both_ at evening and morning, BKms115.6 | ny_g~es then~ny mar tha car ## theNny suprscr; {nyns eus ?; so good a friend ??} BKkk115.6 | nynz eus dhyn ni | mar dha kar BKen115.6 | for we have no better friend. # Discendit leprsus [sic] {The leper goes down [exits?]} ##OJP22 BKms116.1 Arluth nef re~bo gorthys BKkk116.1 Arloedh nev | re bo gordhyyz BKen116.1 May Heaven's Lord be worshipped, BKms116.2 mar deke eth of confortys ## [mar dek ethof ..., in margin] BKkk116.2 mar deg | yth ov konfortyyz BKen116.2 so finely I'm assisted BKms116.3 | der wryans an caradow BKkk116.3 | der wrians | an karadow BKen116.3 | by the act of the dear one. # Rosewa: ceruos sub iugere [?] venietes [sic] ante se in theatro # {A yoked stag comes before him in the theater (or 'come one by one' ???)} ### [fol. 6r (`11')] ## Keladocus BKms116.4 Ef re thonvanas kyrwas ## thoNvanas suprscr BKkk116.4 Ev re dhannvonas | kyrwez ## var. of kerwyz ?? -ez reqd by rhyme BKen116.4 He has sent _wild_antlered_ stags, BKms116.5 in le ohan thum gweras ## ohaN thuM suprscr BKkk116.5 yn le oghen | dhe'm gweres BKen116.5 there as oxen to my aid. BKms116.6 henna ew arluth benygas ## heNna suprscr; {henn yw} BKkk116.6 henn yw | arloedh bennigez BKen116.6 That is a _most_ blessed lord BKms116.7 | ha gesow the wormoladow ## {ha gwiw dhe wormoladow; W mol-awd-au rather than moladwy} BKkk116.7 | ha gwiw | dhe wormeladow ## 'and praiseworthy'; gormeladow : 'praisings, praises' BKen116.7 | and _one_ worthy of praising. ## Keladocus # Rosewa Keladocus ad aratorem dicat {Kea says to the ploughman} BKms117.0 Hethlor ha kyrwas ## {Nance gives 'hedhel' f. pl. -i : plough-handel from WB} BKkk117.0 Hedhlor ha kyrwez ## or heydhlor ?? BKen117.0 Ploughman and stags BKms117.1 Ow hethlor dursona thys BKkk117.1 Ow hedhlor | dursoenno dhis ## (duw re soenno) BKen117.1 My ploughman, may God bless thee, BKms117.2 a_woto~ve devethys BKkk117.2 awotta vy | devedhyz BKen117.2 just look at me, _here_ arrived, BKms117.3 | am dyns terys mes am pen ## [am for an]; peN suprscr; OJP read BKkk117.3 | an dyns terryz | mes a'm penn BKen117.3 | the teeth smashed out of my head BKms117.4 ha kronkyys ha kerethys BKkk117.4 ha kronkyyz | ha keredhyz BKen117.4 and knocked about and abused, BKms117.5 | o~ve ha degys then sen ## theN suprscr; [sen? {fenn : fundus ??, cf. Lat. funditus} cf. gyllys of then sen 60] BKkk117.5 | ov vy | ha degyz dhe'n fenn ## k ha k ov vy - split across lines ? BKen117.5 | I am, and brought very low. ## Arator BKms118.1 Arluth vs in vhelder BKkk118.1 Arloedh | eus yn ughelder BKen118.1 O _my_ Lord who is on high, BKms118.2 re thanvanna yselder ## thaNvaNna suprscr BKkk118.2 re dhannvonno | iselder BKen118.2 may he bring degradation ## lit. 'send lowness, inferiority' BKms118.3 | war gorf Tewdar velygas BKkk118.3 | war gorf Tewder | villigez BKen118.3 | upon [the person of] accursed Tewder, BKms118.4 hag anfugy in pelder BKkk118.4 hag anfeuzi | yn pellder BKen118.4 and misfortune evermore BKms118.5 | in yffarnow kegygys ## [kegygys?] {kessydhyyz : chastised?}; OJP read for BKkk118.5 | yn ifarnow | kessydhyyz BKen118.5 | in _the_fires_of_ hell chastised. ## Keladocus BKms119.1 Na gor~sy densa del os ## {na gors zy : don't curse ???} BKkk119.1 Na fors zy | densa dell os BKen119.1 No matter, good man [as] thou art. BKms119.2 a wylta kyrwas enos BKkk119.2 a wel'te | kyrwez enos BKen119.2 Dost thou see _those_ stags yonder? BKms119.3 | del vynnas Dv whar ha dof ## vyNnas suprscr BKkk119.3 | dell vynnas Duw | hwar ha dov BKen119.3 | By God's will, gentle and tame, BKms119.4 orth an ewy_ow devethys ## { for yewyow : yokes} BKkk119.4 orth an yewyow | devedhyz BKen119.4 beside the yokes, _there_ arrived, BKms119.5 gansa may hallan gonys ## hallaN suprscr BKkk119.5 ganse | may hallen goniz BKen119.5 so that we might plough with them. ## lit. 'cultivate' BKms119.6 | num gasas Jesus an cof ## m suprscr; {J hasn't forgotten me??} BKkk119.6 | ny'm gazas Yesus | a'n kov BKen119.6 | Jesus did not forget me. ## Arator BKms120.1 Henna suer ew tra anath ## heNna suprscr BKkk120.1 Henna sur | yw tra aneth BKen120.1 That's a truely wondrous thing, BKms120.2 ha tra na wharvu bythquath ## [wharva?] BKkk120.2 ha tra na hwarve | bythkweyth BKen120.2 [and] a thing that's never happened, BKms120.3 | may clowas ve in neb gwlas ## [g]wlas {vbl noun written for 1s past?} BKkk120.3 | may klywis vy | yn neb gwlaz BKen120.3 | so I've heard, in any land. BKms120.4 dys benyg~y desempys ## {deus ?} BKkk120.4 deus bennig i | desempis BKen120.4 Come, bless them without delay, BKms120.5 ha me as gor the wonys BKkk120.5 ha my a's gorr | dhe woniz BKen120.5 and I will set them to work BKms120.6 | gans weras Christ lvn a ras ## ? ; gaNs suprscr BKkk120.6 | gans weres Krist | leun a ras BKen120.6 | with Christ's support, full of grace. ## Keladocus BKms121.1 In hanow Dv me as son BKkk121.1 Yn hanow Duw | my a's soen BKen121.1 In God's name, I do bless them, BKms121.2 ma~na relhas theso beron ## {wrellens .. broen (W brwyn - sadness) : so that they might do thee no harm} BKkk121.2 ma na wrellens | dhiso broen BKen121.2 so that they'll do thee no harm. BKms121.3 | ha nask~e a_barth Jowan ## {naske for nask i : tether them} BKkk121.3 | ha nask i | a_barth Yowann ## cf B nask, naska~ BKen121.3 | [and] _Now_ harness them, by Saint John. BKms121.4 Dv re vynnas ragon~ny ## vyNnas ragoNny suprscr BKkk121.4 Duw re vynnas | ragon ni BKen121.4 God has wished, _here_ before us, BKms121.5 gvthyl marclys pur thefry BKkk121.5 guthyl merklyz | pur dhevri BKen121.5 to work miracles indeed, BKms121.6 | ny a yl bonas lowan BKkk121.6 | ni a yll | bonez lowen BKen121.6 | _so_that_ we can be joyful. ## Arator #! Ke a thros an kyrwas the wonys #!BKms122.1 Me as nask thys war vn dro ##OJP23 BKms122.0 Ke a thros an kyrwas the wonys BKkk122.0 Ke a dhros an kyrwez dhe woniz BKen122.0 Kea sets the stags to work BKms122.1 Me as nask thys war vn dro BKkk122.1 My a's nask dhis | war unn dro BKen122.1 I will harness them [for thee] forthwith. BKms122.2 in termyn gwelha re~bo ## termyN suprscr BKkk122.2 yn termyn gwella | re bo BKen122.2 Most happily, may it be BKms122.3 | der voth Dv ker thy laha ## [sic, for lawa] BKkk122.3 | der vodh Duw ker | dh'y lawe BKen122.3 | by [dear] God's will, let him be praised. BKms122.4 a_wottovns y ordaynys ## \a/; vyN suprscr BKkk122.4 awottens i | ordenyz BKen122.4 See here they are _all_ arranged. BKms122.5 me a vyn dallath gonys BKkk122.5 my a vynn | dalleth goniz BKen122.5 I will _now_ begin to plough, BKms122.6 | rag mos ew an thyaha ## [last word?] {di-aghe : unperturbed, aghe = Eng. awe} BKkk122.6 | rag nans yns i | diaghe ## or _rag nans ons yn tiaghe_ BKen122.6 | for now they are _quiet_and_ calm. ## 'now they are going calmly' BKms123.1 In_rag Kyrnyk ha Kella BKkk123.1 Yn_rag Kernik | ha Kella BKen123.1 Forward Kernik and Kella, ## 'Horny' and 'Bollox' !!! BKms123.2 in hanow Dv vhella BKkk123.2 yn hanow Duw | ughella BKen123.2 in the name of God on high, BKms123.3 | gonethovgh heb bysmeras BKkk123.3 | gonedhewgh | heb bysmerez ## 'without blame' BKen123.3 | set to work _now_ without blame. BKms123.4 me a lever rum besow ## ruM suprscr; {by my thumbs ???} BKkk123.4 my a lever | re'm byzow BKen123.4 I do declare, by my thumbs, BKms123.5 neffra nyn~gevyth esow ## nyNgevyth suprscr; {yzow : crops?} BKkk123.5 nevre | ny'n jevydh esow ## _esow_ 'need' [Thanks to MP for this!] BKen123.5 never will he be in need BKms123.6 | a venna Dv the weras ## veNna suprscr BKkk123.6 | a mynne Duw | dhe weres ## 'should God seek to help'; might expect 'mar' not 'a' for if BKen123.6 | if God should intend to help. ## i.e. 'as long as God will assist him' ## ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ## # Breuzyansow ha ewnansow dhe : # Comments and corrections to : # bk@carrot.clara.net # 3 Mis Me 2003 # Minor revision 25 Mis Est 2003 # End of File